Technical Diving of New York |
|||
Home Email Telephone
|
RGBM-Reduced Gradient Bubble Model | ||
RGBM decompression tables will be taught and used in every course. PAST TO PRESENT--DECOMPRESSION MODEL HISTORY1878 - Paul Bert (French) encourages slow decompression to prevent symptoms of caisson disease. No quantitative results given. Bert, also reported that there were others who did not consider the rate of decompression to be important but said, for example, that the major factor was chilling during decompression. 1882 - There was a 25% mortality rate of the Brooklyn Bridge workforce in one year (Moir 1896). Moir introduced air locks in 1890 and reduced the mortality rate to 1.5% (Boycott 1906). 1906 to1908 - More tunnels were built under the East River in New York with twice daily exposures of pressures up to 92 fsw. Keays (1909) reported 3,600 cases of DCS, including 20 fatalities. His study suggested that one decompression might be better than two. 1908 Professor John Scott Haldane performs experiments on 85 goats and publishes first decompression tables 1915 - USNavy adopts Haldane's tables 1908 to 1958 - USNavy and Royal Navy build Tables based on Haldane's model. 1962 - Kidd (Canadian) initiates first use of Doppler ultrasound for the detection of decompression-generated bubbles 1963 -Repetitive deep stops done on animals, demolishes Haldane's model (Griffiths) 1965 - USNavy accepts oxygen as a basis for the therapy of DCS (Goodman and Workman). Behnke suggests oxygen therapy in 1936 but not used. 1965 -Cataloging is done of pearl divers in Torres Straits making multiple deco dives with very deep stops, and no formal dive training ( Le Messurier) 1971 - Hills introduces thermodynamic model based on phase separation. Deep stops evolve naturally in staging algorithm. Model is dual phase. Hills is Father of Deep Stops . 1976 - Report of reduced Doppler bubble scores and lower DCS with deep stops (Neuman, Hall, Linaweaver) 1977 - NOAA introduced Nitrox breathing mixture and decompression tables to the diving community. 1978 -Link lower Doppler bubble scores to slower ascent rates (30 fsw/min) (Smith and Stayton ) 1986 - Cataloging is done of Hawaiian diving fisherman performing deep stops and short deco like Australian pearl divers. Use IWR if necessary, and return. (Farm, Hayashi, Beckman) 1986 - Varying Permeability Model (VPM) for diving introduced by Yount and Hoffman but based on gel bubbles in laboratory. Deep Stops tables begin. 1988 - Sports edition of DCIEM table publish (UDT has license) based upon serial model studies (Kidd and Stubbs 1962-1971)and Doppler ultrasound findings (Kisman and Masurel 1977) 1992 - Reduced Gradient Bubble Model (RGBM) for repetitive, reverse profile, and multiday diving is introduced by Bruce Wienke. Abandons Yount/VPM gel picture. Treats lipid and aqueous skins, Boyle effects, and bubble gas diffusion. Model correlates with data. Tables, meters, software onlining. 1996 - Haldane/Buhlmann model "modified" by Richard Pyle with "Pyle- stops" to add deep stops 1997 - NAUI Technical Operations adopts RGBM and begins field testing thru 2000. 1998 -Haldane/ Buhlmann deco model "modified" again with Gradient Factors by Eric Baker algorithm to account for deep stops 1998 - Suunto builds first RGBM modified phase computer. ABYSS goes online with RGBM software. 1999 - US Navy Dive Manual update and revision 2001 2000 - NAUI releases deep stop, dual phase RGBM for tech diving. 2002 - HydroSpace releases full phase RGBM mixed gas, computer (EXPLORER). 2003 -- Mares and Dacor release RGBM deep stop recreational dive computer. Zeagle, Steam Machines working hard. 2003 - GAP Software releases full-up RGBM software package for OC and RB diving. 2004 - USNavy commits to extensive 12 months deep stop RGBM testing at NEDU. 2004 - Commercial interests start using RGBM heliox tables2005 - GAP Software releases dedicated RGBM software for NAUI 2005 - Delta-p VR3 dive computer adds deep stop algorithm
|
|||